Viet spec & material schedule cho da: noi sao de khong bi hieu sai

Phan lon su co da o cong truong khong bat dau tu xuong, ma tu mot dong chu trong ho so. Khi spec chi ghi 'da marble trang, op tuong WC', ban da giao toan bo phan quyet dinh cho nguoi khac: nha cung cap doan loai da, doi gia cong doan do day va kieu mep, tho doan cach co dinh. Moi nguoi doan mot kieu, va khi khong tro ve ban ve duoc nua thi da cat roi.

Spec va material schedule (bang ke vat lieu) la noi ban dong khung y do thiet ke thanh dieu kien thi cong. Viet du va dung cau truc, ban kiem soat duoc loai da, finish, do day, mep, dung sai, cach ghep van, cach co dinh. Viet thieu, ban mo cua cho hieu nham, va hieu nham voi da la thu rat dat de sua. Bai nay viet cho KTS/NTK va doi ngu studio: cach viet spec da ro rang, va cach lap material schedule de boc khoi luong, doc bao gia deu khop nhau.

Vi sao spec mo ho la moi cua hau qua

Mot cau 'da marble trang' co the no ra thanh nam sai cung luc. Sai loai: 'marble trang' co the la Carrara van xam mo, Calacatta van vang dam, hay mot loai dolomitic moi van. Sai finish: cung mot tam da, mat danh bong (polished) sang guong khac han mat mai mo (honed) ly tan diu, va o khu uot thi do tron khac nhau hoan toan. Sai do day: 1,5cm cho op tuong nhe khac 2cm cho mat ban, 3cm cho hang chiu luc. Sai mep va sai mau giua cac tam ke nhau lai la chuyen khac nua.

Cai gia cua spec mo ho khong phai loi sai lon, ma la chuoi sai nho khong ai chiu trach nhiem. Da da ve cong truong, finish khong nhu hinh dung, nhung tren giay khong ghi finish nen khong ai sai ca. Doi gia cong lam dung 'thong le' cua ho, con ban hinh dung mot kieu khac. Spec ro la cach ban ghi lai y dinh truoc khi no thanh tien va thanh da cat.

Spec khong phai de phong thu phap ly. No la cach ban giu nguyen y thiet ke tu trong dau den khi tam da cuoi cung len tuong.

Mot spec da day du gom nhung gi

Day la khung muc co the dung lap lai cho moi hang muc da. Khong phai muc nao cung can dien het, nhung ban nen chu dong bo muc nao, dung de no bi bo trong roi nguoi khac dien ho. Doc them ve cach dat con so cho dung trong bai dung sai trong nganh da va cach hieu cac chi tieu kiem dinh trong bai doc hieu thong so kiem dinh da.

• Ten da + nhom da: ten thuong goi (vi du Calacatta, Nero Marquina, Taj Mahal) di kem nhom da theo nghia ky thuat (marble, granite, quartzite, onyx, travertine...). Ten thuong goi de bi trung va de bi 'doi ten', nen ghi them nhom giup khoa lai dung loai. Phan biet nhom da xem bai phan biet marble, granite, quartzite va onyx.
• Ma mau/lo (neu co): voi da chon theo block/lot cu the, ghi ma de truy lai dung lo, vi cung mot ten da nhung khac lo se khac van va khac mau.
• Finish (xu ly be mat): polished, honed, leathered, brushed, antique... Ghi ro vi finish doi voi ca cam giac mat tay lan do tron va kha nang chiu ban. Xem bai xu ly be mat da (finish).
• Do day tam: thuong 1,5cm / 2cm / 3cm tuy hang muc. Op tuong nhe co the 1,5cm, mat ban va mat bep thuong 2cm tro len, hang chiu luc hoac mep day dung 3cm hoac ghep them lop.
• Kieu mep (edge profile): vat 45 do, bo tron, mep day ghep mitered cho cam giac day ~4-6cm... Ghi kem ban ve mep neu mep dac biet. Xem bai gia cong mep da cac kieu.
• Dung sai cho phep (tolerance): do phang, do thang mach, lech mau, do dong deu khe ho. Voi lap dat tot, dung sai thuong tinh bang mm; ghi con so de co can cu nghiem thu.
• Yeu cau ghep van: co ghep van soi guong (bookmatch) khong, huong van chay theo phuong nao, mach noi xu ly ra sao. Day la muc hay bi bo trong nhat.
• Cach co dinh / he neo: dan keo, pat moc, khung xuong tuy vi tri va do day. Voi mat tien phai ghi ro he neo vi do day va an toan phu thuoc vao no.
• Chong tham / seal: loai chat chong tham, vi tri can lam (canh khu uot, mat bep, khu vuc tiep xuc nuoc), va yeu cau seal lai dinh ky.
• Tieu chuan tham chieu: dan theo Natural Stone Institute / Dimension Stone Design Manual (DSDM) cho da op-lat, va ASTM cho cac chi tieu nhu do hut nuoc, cuong do. Voi lat/op gach-da co the tham chieu TCNA Handbook.
• Mau duyet & dry-layout: yeu cau gui mau (sample) duyet truoc, va xep thu kho lon (dry-layout) tren san de duyet van/mau truoc khi cat hang loat.

Khung nay nghe dai, nhung ban khong viet lai tu dau cho moi hang muc. Ban lam mot lan thanh mau spec cua studio, sau do moi du an chi chinh con so. Cai dat la o lan dau; tu lan hai tro di no la cong cu chong sai he thong.

Vi du khoi spec mau

Ba khoi tren cho thay cung mot mau marble trang co the ra ba spec hoan toan khac, va chinh su khac do la thu ban can ghi xuong. Ma hang muc (ST-01, ST-02...) la cau noi sang phan tiep theo: material schedule.

Material schedule: bang ke vat lieu gan voi ban ve

Material schedule la bang ke vat lieu da liet ke theo ma hang muc, moi dong gan voi mot vi tri tren ban ve. No bien spec tu mo ta thanh danh sach co the dem duoc, boc khoi luong duoc va doi chieu bao gia duoc. Khi co ma hang muc ro, ban ve, viec boc khoi luong da tu ban ve va bao gia deu noi ve cung mot thu, khong con canh moi ben hieu mot kieu.

Cau truc toi thieu cua mot dong trong material schedule:

• Ma hang muc: ST-01, ST-02... thong nhat voi ky hieu tren ban ve, dung de tra cheo.
• Vi tri: noi su dung (mat bep dao bep, op tuong WC tang 2, mat tien lobby...) va dan ve so ban ve tuong ung.
• Ten da + nhom + finish + do day: lay lai dung tu khoi spec, khong viet tat khac di.
• Dien tich / khoi luong so bo: m2 hoac md, ghi ro la so bo de phan biet voi so chot sau khi co ban ve trien khai.
• Ghi chu: bookmatch, kieu mep, yeu cau dac biet, lien ket sang spec va ban ve chi tiet.

Diem mau chot: dien tich trong material schedule la so bo de dinh huong, con khoi luong chinh xac de bao gia phai boc tu ban ve trien khai (shop drawing), co tinh hao hut. Hao hut gia cong/cat thuong vao khoang 10-15%, va cao hon khi co ghep van, tam kho lon hoac nhieu chi tiet khoet. Neu ban tron hai con so nay lam mot, bao gia se lech va do loi lan nhau ve sau.

Vi du mot lat cat material schedule

• ST-01 | Mat bep dao bep (BV-KT-12) | Quartzite Taj Mahal, honed, 2cm | ~6 m2 so bo | mep mitered 4cm, bookmatch, chong tham + seal
• ST-02 | Op tuong khu tam dung tang 2 (BV-KT-21) | Marble Calacatta, polished, 1,5cm | ~9 m2 so bo | bookmatch doc, pat moc khu uot
• ST-03 | Op mat tien lobby (BV-KC-03) | Granite xam, flamed, 2cm+ | ~40 m2 so bo | he neo theo ket cau, khe ho dong deu

Khi bang nay di kem ho so, nguoi boc khoi luong, nguoi bao gia va doi cong truong deu tra cheo duoc tung dong ve dung vi tri va dung ban ve. Do la luc spec va material schedule lam dung viec cua no: giu cho moi ben noi ve cung mot tam da.

Spec 'hieu suat' vs spec 'san pham'

Co hai cach ghi spec. Spec san pham: chi dinh dich danh mot loai da cu the (vi du 'Calacatta Viola, lo X'). Dung khi ban da chon va muon dung dung loai do. Spec hieu suat: ghi tieu chi can dat, cho phep nha cung cap de xuat loai phu hop. Dung khi ban san sang xet vat lieu thay the, hoac muon canh tranh bao gia ma van kiem soat chat luong.

Neu chap nhan thay the, dung viet 'hoac tuong duong' chung chung, vi 'tuong duong' la cua moi nguoi mot kieu. Hay ghi tieu chi do duoc de nha cung cap de xuat dung loai:

• Do hut nuoc (water absorption): quan trong voi khu uot, mat bep, mat tien ngoai troi; tham chieu phep thu kieu ASTM. Hut nuoc cao thi de tham va de o.
• Do cung / kha nang chong xuoc: anh huong toi san va mat ban thuong xuyen tiep xuc.
• Do tron be mat: voi san khu uot va bac thang, finish va do tron la tieu chi an toan, khong chi la tham my.
• Cuong do / kha nang chiu uon: voi tam kho lon, mat tien, hang chiu luc; tham chieu chi tieu ASTM phu hop.
• On dinh mau / kha nang chiu thoi tiet: voi hang ngoai troi, can xet phai mau va chiu UV.

Ghi tieu chi do duoc giup ban so sanh tao bao gia tren cung mat bang, thay vi tin vao chu 'tuong duong'. No cung khien nha cung cap co trach nhiem chung minh loai ho de xuat dat nguong ban ra, chu khong chi re hon.

Cac muc hay quen nhung de gay su co

Day la nhung muc khong nam o phan 'dep' cua thiet ke nen hay bi bo qua, nhung lai la noi su co thuong xuat hien sau ban giao. Doc them bai chi tiet cau tao da cho KTS de hieu cach the hien chung tren ban ve.

• Chong tham canh khu uot: khu tam, bep, ban da quanh lavabo. Ghi ro vi tri can chong tham va loai chat dung, dung de no thanh dieu hieu ngam.
• Xu ly mep ho va khoet: mep da tu do, lo khoet thiet bi (voi, o cam, bep), goc cat. Day la noi de nut va de tham nhat neu khong xu ly.
• Seal dinh ky: voi da thau hut (nhieu loai marble, travertine), seal khong phai lam mot lan la xong. Ghi yeu cau seal lai dinh ky de chu nha biet va de ben bao tri co can cu.
• Mau ke (grout) va keo dung mau: voi hang op-lat co mach, mau ke sai co the pha hong toan bo cong san phoi mau. Chi dinh mau ke va loai keo cung quan trong nhu chi dinh da.
• Quy uoc duyet mau va dry-layout: ghi ro rang phai duyet mau va xep thu kho lon truoc khi cat, de tranh canh phat hien lech mau khi da khong sua duoc nua.

Spec va bao gia: noi the nao de khop nhau

Bao gia da lech nhau phan lon khong phai vi gia don vi, ma vi moi ben hieu khac nhau ve cung mot hang muc. Mot ben tinh finish polished, mot ben tinh honed; mot ben co bookmatch, mot ben khong; mot ben de hao hut 10%, mot ben 15%. Khi spec va material schedule du chi tiet, cac bao gia tro nen so sanh duoc vi chung dang noi ve cung mot thu.

Rochelle la don vi phan phoi va gia cong da tu nhien cao cap tai Viet Nam, dong hanh cung KTS/NTK tu y tuong den thi cong. Vi khong niem yet gia co dinh, cach lay duoc bao gia sat thuc nhat la gui ban ve, material schedule va quy cach cu the; bao gia theo du an, theo hang muc/ban ve/quy cach. Khi can trao doi nhanh ve cach lap spec hay boc khoi luong cho mot hang muc, co the goi hotline 086 719 19 00. Ban ho so cang ro thi bao gia cang sat, va cang it phat sinh ve sau.

Quy trinh thuc te thuong la: viet spec theo khung tren, lap material schedule gan ma hang muc voi ban ve, ra ban ve trien khai de boc khoi luong, gui ho so xin bao gia, roi duyet mau va dry-layout truoc khi cat. Moi buoc deu tham chieu lai cung bo ma hang muc, nen khong co diem nao y do thiet ke bi roi ra ngoai.